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Brewing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Brewer" redirects here. For other uses, see Brewer (disambiguation).
This article is about the commercial brewing of beer. For making tea, see Tea brewing. For homebrewing, seeHomebrewing. For other uses, see Brewing (disambiguation).
A 16th-century brewery
Brewing is the production of beer through steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and then fermenting with yeast. It is done in a brewery by a brewer, and the brewing industry is part of most western economies. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that this technique was used in most emerging civilisations including ancient Egypt.[1]
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, which is able to be fermented (converted into alcohol); a brewer"s yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring, such as hops.[2] A secondary starch source (an adjunct) may be used, such as maize (corn), rice or sugar.[3] Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghumand cassava root in Africa, potato in Brazil, and agave in Mexico, among others.[4] The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.
There are several steps in the brewing process, which include malting,milling, mashing, lautering, boiling, fermenting, conditioning, filtering, and packaging. There are three main fermentation methods, warm, cool andwild or spontaneous. Fermentation may take place in open or closed vessels. There may be a secondary fermentation that can take place in the brewery, in the cask, or in the bottle.
Brewing specifically includes the process of steeping, such as with making tea, sake, and soy sauce. Technically, wine, cider and mead are not brewed but rather vinified as there is no steeping process involving solids.
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